14 ORGANIZING ACADEMIC COLLEGES: A GUIDE FOR DEANS staff and laboratory support—lead to it making sense to house related programs within a larger unit. The dean may also want to signal the range of programs and degrees within this cluster of disciplines. The structure of a “school” may give the programs more prestige and standing among their national peers. The programs within the school may share other commonalities with the A&S college, such as core requirements for degrees and procedures for promotion and tenure review. In this model, schools are headed by directors who have budget authority and oversee department chairs and program heads, as opposed to schools organized to cluster like disciplines but lack a director with full budget authority or semi-independent status. Occasionally a department becomes named a school due to an agreement with a donor naming the unit. However, such schools functionally remain departments and fall under the Traditional Model. Typical examples of schools within A&S colleges include Communication Studies, Fine and Performing Arts, and International Studies. FIGURE 2.2 Traditional + School Model School Director Center Directors Associate/ Assistant Deans Department Chairs Dean VPAA/Provost Professional & Support Staff Chairs & Staff